Cylinder head for internal-combustion engines



Nov; 9 1926.

' C. ZULVER ET AL GYLI NDER HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Oct. 25

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Patented Nov. 9, 1926.

CORNELIS ZULVER, 01* LONDON, ENGLAND, AND} GERARD JOHAN Lucite]? AMSTER DAM, NETHERLANDS.

CYLINDER HEAD FOR INTERNAL-COIvIBUSTION ENGINES.

Application filed October 23, 1924 ,Serial No. 745,292, andin the Netherlands August 27,1924.

The cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, more especially for a Diesel engine is very difficult to design and make in such a manner that defects do not eventually develop. 'The object of our present mention is .to produce a cylinder head which is so constructed as to be completely and permanently reliable.

In accordance with our invention, the cylinder head substantially comprises an annular part, the central aperture in which has a smaller diameter than has the cylinder, and. of a central member equipped with the distributing meanssuch as valves, for supplying the fuel and the air and for discharging the combustion "gases.

The valve, or set of valves, has to perform two functions, viz. the introduction of air and the discharge of the spent gases. The passages and ducts for the inlet of air and for the outlet of gases are preferably ar ranged in the annular part, so that the dimensions of the central member can be kept small. As the valves have to control both the inlet of air and the discharge of hot gases, an additional device is necessary for alternately closing the passages for these fluids; In accordance withour invention,

this additional device may be an annular rotary valve disposed intermediate the annular part and the central member of the cylinder head.

In a preferred embodiment of our invention a' plurality of valves are pro' vided around the fuel supplying device, arranged to act in parallel, while the annular rotary valve has as many sets of ports as there are valves and valve chambers.

The arrangement of the distributing valves in a separate member has the advantage that this member is better. adapted for expansion and contraction, that it is more elastic with respect to external forces and that it can be more easily tested with a view to ascertaining the presence of faults of the material than an integral cylinder head,

while the stresses produced in casting in the central member and in the annular part are likely to be smaller.

The distribution of the required area for the passage of air and gases over two or more equivalent valves of relatively small dimensions decreases the liability of troubles during operation, because the complication caused by the increased number of of the rotary valve sated for by the fact that the comparatively small valves will keep tight and will not be- I come overheated. The serious danger of overheating of the valves 1s less likely 811106 the valves control the inlet as well as the outlet. v

The controlling device, i. e. the annular valves, valve springs, etc, is amply compenrotary valve, required in connection with double acting valves, is disposed at a coning number of ports adapted to be put in communication by the rotary valve with the, passagesin the annular part of the cylinder head, the said rotary valve'has only to move through a small angular distance duringthe cycle in the cylinder.

In theannexed drawing showing by way of example only one embodiment of our'invention, 1 V

Fig. 1 is a central vertical sectionalxview of a cylinder head constructed" in accordance with our invention. 7 1

Figs. 1 and 1 are sectional views of parts of modified cylinder heads,

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section along the line 1III in Fig. 1, r v

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic elevation of part and the valve "chambers,'whi le i Figs. 3 and 3" show 'tWo'other positions Owing to the Provision of a" of the last-mentioned parts relative to each "3 other. r e 5 Integral with the cylinder'wall 4 is the". annular part 5 of the cylinder head. Said part 5 is supported by the jacket 6 and provided with an air inlet port 7 in communication with an annular passage 8, and with an outlet port 9 in communication with an annular passage 10 into which the combustion gases are discharged. The part 5. is provided with passages 11 for the circulationof cooling water. The central aperture in the annular part 5 is closed by a member 12, which is provided with sixvalves 13 and witha central fuel supplying device 14, the

i the cylinder.

details of which have not been shown. he six valves 13 are adapted to be simultaneously opened and closed by means of an actuating ring 15. The other actuating mech anism has not been illustrated, because it does not form part of the invention. The valve chamber. 16 have rectangular ports in the outer wall of member 12, and their walls are cooled by water through passages 17. p

Disposed between the part 5 and the mem ber 12 is the annular rotary valve 18, a cover 19 serving to retain the central member 12 and the annular valve 18 in' place' The annular valve 18 is provided with air inlet ports 20 and with outlet ports 21 arranged in'staggered relation to one another (see 1* 8) in such a manner that by rotation of the annular valve the chambers 16' are put into communication with the annular inlet passage 8 or with the annular outlet passage-10. By means of a toothed segment 22, a rack 23, a lever 2 1, an eccentric rod 25, and an eccentric 26 on the controlling shaft 27 the rotary valve 18 is rotated back and forth in accordance with the cycle in The drawing does not illustrate construc- 'tional details such as the manner in which the annular valve 18 is guided and sealed with respectto the parts 5 and 12, because these details do not form' part ofthe inven- ElOIL The annular part 5 has been shownintegral with the cylinder wall 4, but it is obvious that these elements may be made as separate parts, for instance, as shown in Figs. 1 and 1 where the annular part of the cylinder head is shown composed of the part 5, containing the inlet and outlet passages 8 and 10, and of an intermediate annulus 28 or 29. :From thisit will appear that the invention can be carried out in various ways, which while diiieringin construction all embody the gist of the invention. What weclaim 'is:'' 1. In a four-stroke internal combustion engine, the combination with the working cylinder, of a cylinder head comprising an annular part having a central aperture extending in the axis of said working cylinder, but oil a smallerdiameter than said working cylinder, and containing airinlet and comcirculating cylinder, of a cylinder head comprising an I annular part having a central aperture extending 1n the ZLXIS of said working cylinder,

but of smaller diameter than said working cylinder and containing air-inlet and combustion gases-outlet passages, a member pro-' vided within said annular part and closing said central aperture, fuel supply means in said member, a plurality 01 valves carried by said member both for admitting air and discharging the combustion gases, and a rotary valve'between thesaid annular part and said member for controlling said air-.

inlet and combustion gases'outlet passages.

3. The combination as set forth in claim 2,comprising a controlling shaft and means operated by said shaft for actuating said rotary valve.

4. The combination as specified in claim 2, in which the parts provided in saidrotary valve are arranged instaggered relation to each other and adapted to alternately communicate with said air-inlet and combustion gases-outlet passages.

-5. The combination as specified in claim 1, in which said annular ,partis made 'integral with the wall of said working c'yl inder.

6. The combination as set'forthin claim ooRNnLIs znnvna.

1 GERARD JOHAN LUsr} 

